Energy output of Bioethanol and Industrial Ethanol Essay Example for Free

Energy output of Bioethanol and industrial Ethanol EssayAimThe aim of this investigation is to determine which of the two derivatives of ethanol releases more energy, Bioethanol or Industrial Ethanol.HypothesisThe main compound in both inebriants has the same chemical formulae C2H5OH, and the other compounds are unknown therefore the Energy output cannot be reason exactly by using standard bond enthalpies. However, as the main compound is known and the same for both ethanols the energy output should be genuinely similar. Therefore the difference in energy output only depends on the compounds which are blended to the alcohols. Apparatus Thermometer Metal can x2 Draught shield x4 Gloves sentry duty spectacles Heat-resistant mat Insulation card 100cm3 measuring cylinder x2 Spirit burner Clamp stand Balance MatchesSubstances E100 Bioethanol Industrial Ethanol urineMethodThe bringing close together to do the experiment the way described is due to knowledge from past experiments and the IB textbook.Follow these steps 10 times, five times for each alcohol.Step 1 Measure 50cm3 of alcohol in a measuring cylinderStep 2 Weigh and record the empty spirit burnerStep 3 pig out the 50cm3 of alcohol in the spirit burnerStep 4 Weigh and record the filled spirit burnerStep 5 Measure 100cm3 of Water in a measuring cylinderStep 6 Fill the water into the metal canStep 7 Set up the Apparatus as displayed (1 draft copy shield in each direction, south, north, west and east, forming a box around the apparatus assure there are 2cm of space between the john of the metal can and the cotton wick)Step 7 Record the initial temperature of waterStep 8 Light the cotton wick of the spirit burnerStep 9 Record the temperature every 15 seconds until the cotton wick loses its flameStep 10 Weigh the spirit burner with the remaining alcohol to calculate how many grams of alcohol have been usedVarables Temperature Temperature of Water will be measured before every experiment. The whole ex periment takes place at room temperature. Volume of Water 100cm3 Mass of alcohol 50cm3 filled in spirit burner. The mass will be measured before and after the experiment to figure how much has been used. condemnation record every 15 seconds Concentration of alcohol 1M Surface area of metal can which flame is heating up same cans will be used and positioned at same place above the cotton wick to keep this constant. Length of cotton wick 0.5cm Distance from cotton wick to bottom of metal can 2cmHazard Warnings Industrial Ethanol Highly flammable. Therefore wear gloves and safety spectacles Bioethanol Highly flammable. Therefore wear gloves and safety spectaclesChemistry HL Plan of Investigation

An Eminent Threat to the Planet Essay Example for Free

An Eminent Threat to the Planet Essay planetary melt is certainly a danger that threatens our society. While it whitethorn not drastically affect this generation, if things keep going as they are, future generations give have to deal with the problems that people are presently causing. Global melt and Greenhouse Gases Global warm up refers to an overall increase in the temperature of the undercoat. This is due emissions of greenhouse gases, which are essentially pollutants which damage the dry disgraces ability to take hold itself when they are released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a particularly common greenhouse gas that is emitted by the activities people all of the time. An overload of these gases prevents the ability of the atmosphere to absorb any(prenominal) of the rays from the sun, as the ozone layer is damaged. Fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene release fumes into the atmosphere that damage the atmospheres ability to regulate the ear ths temperature by allowing and preventing solar rays from reaching the surface. mood Change and seal Level RiseAlthough current climate change is best represented by more extreme temperatures (higher high temperatures in the summer, and lower lows in the winter), ultimately the earth is expected to warm up. Many scientists have hypothesized that within the next century, the earth may warm by up to two degrees Fahrenheit. Although this does not seem same(p) a lot, it could cause the melting of the outer layers of Antarctic ice, which would cause a rise in sea level by up to a few feet over the course of the next century.But the rate of world(prenominal) warming is expected to increase, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. If this occurs, and due to the expansion of Antarctic ice and the melting of some ice caps, sea level could rise by several feet, which would have devastating consequences. Life as we know it would be completely altered by any significant rise in se a level. Because water allows for trade and transportation, most major communities are built close to the coast of continents, rather than the interiors. That being said, if sea level was to rise so overmuch as ten feet, many cities would be completely destroyed.Miami, Florida would have to be evacuated, as would most of the towns within fifty miles of the United States Gulf Coast. Much of the land in the Caribbean would be submerged, as would many islands in the South Pacific, and even some areas in Europe, such as the Netherlands. How Our Current Activities are Causing Global Warming Although exact measurements of the rate of the rise in temperature and thus, sea level are presently immeasurable, the way human beings are living today will certainly ensure that they will be significant.People are causing more emissions of environmentally and atmospherically dangerous gases than ever before, and we do not seem like we are going to stop any time soon. More cars are on the road, more airplanes are in the air, and more boats, including large freighters and barges are in the water than ever before, and as the planets population increases, so will the amount and volume of our emissions of dangerous gases. If we intend to hinder global warming in any way, we have to realize that our present course is not environmentally friendly, and it will lead to a rise in temperature (and a great abundance of pollutants).We need to invest in clean fuels, and even though researching alternatives to our current fuels will be costly, it is well worth it in the long run, because global warming is a fast way to destroy our planet. References U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Climate Change Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2009. http//www. epa. gov/climatechange/emissions/index. html U. S. Department of State. Climate Change and Overview. 2009. http//www. state. gov/g/oes/rls/rpts/car/90312. htm

Globalization Does It Threaten Cultural Diversity Media Essay

Globalization Does It Threaten ethnic Diversity Media EssayGlobalization atomic number 50 be defined as the phenomenon of interaction and integration among sight, organizations and the regimens of antithetic countries. It has non only affected UAE in particular proposition but also nations across the globe. It is a complete process driven by the forces of multi case throw and investment and at the same time aided by in nominateation technology. Globalization is a very vast subject and so its effects argon also wide spread (Lechner, 2001). Globalization had contradict and positive views, so that it can not be accepted or rejected, the earnest matter at present is to what extent globalisation is permitted to spread. There atomic number 18 both positive as well as negative meets of globalisation. It has its effects on the environment, on the political placement of nations, on economic development, prosperity of nations and most serious threats is apparent on heathenis h diversity and also on well being of societies around the world. Cultural diversity has both its pros and cons. On the positive side, the interaction across boundaries has resulted in the mixture of cultures, languages, traditions habits and costumes. The major drawback on the heathenish aspect is the materialism of globalization. Author forthright Lechner has claim that, the movements of the multi subject area corporation (MCN) today is promoting consumerist culture, and this is done by promotion of standard commodities by exploiting basic material desires, creating similar lifestyles (Lechner, 2001).Globalization has taken an precious spread worldwide, despite of the great challenges this phenomenon is facing. It is becoming clear that the media, politics and miserliness has been globalized, and these are methods of extending globalization. The consequences of spreading globalization threaten social aspects and cultural identity.The questions arises how it all started. Well, the practise is simple enough. Economic reasons, free trade and international business deals, immigration and schooling were the reasons for globalization. The researchers who spoke about the emergence of globalization, identified globalization as a cumulative process, meaning that there is a small preceded factors that paved the way for progressing globalization and that what we are witnessing today. Including trading, most big corporations move their business operations to contradictory countries by going global. The major reasons for the globalization of business are trade barriers, customer demands or need for customized products and globalization of competitors. Also immigration, one of the main factors that had facilitated the globalization movement. People immigrate to some other countries in the pursuit of better standard of living, travel and job prospects and better health care. All this had resulted in the commencement of what is called globalization today (Okolo, 2 010). Education it is also expenditure mentioning as a one of the factors that helped in progressing globalization, The prospects of pursuing higher studies abroad also has give rise to globalization. Students are moving out of their countries to developed nations for studies and jobs.The subject of discussion is whether globalization has direct and indirect negative effects on cultural diversity. This shall be discussed in particular in the following paragraphs of this essay.Globalization has myriad influence on society. And it has touched, influenced and involved societies across the world. A close look at the following facts shall make this composition more clear about who was involved and how. The world population was at 6.5 billion in 2006. It shall grow to 7 billion in the next sixer years. 99% percent of this growth shall be witnessed in the developing nations worry India and China. This is happening due to globalization of MNCs, immigration of people to other countries for better career prospects (The Globalist, Society Globalization, Oct 2006). Despite reluctance of g everyplacenments to liberalize immigration policy, the number of people living outside their coun try caused an obvious increase growth from 120 cardinal in 1990 to 200 million in 2008. An estimate of the United Nations confirms this. It might seem that Studying Abroad is also involved in globalization phenomenon. In 2007 gathered reports stated that, a higher percentage of UAE students studied abroad than Indian or Chinese students. The number of Arab students that earn PhDs annually comes to 12,000. The problem lies in employment and contribution to development to the UAE. The Arab brain drain is four times greater than that of China and five times that of India. As a result, there is no employment generation locally (Zahlan Albert, 2007).Governments involvement with globalization and worldwide trade connections have made countries more interdependent. National economies increa sely got affected by trends in the global economy. As a result, risk of global recession is very high resulting in economic downturn. In such a scenario, national government shape and influence their economies. The government promotes or checks globalization so that it benefits their economy and population. Thus, government involvement plays a key role in run acrossling the impact of globalization on a domestic level and also globally (Carlos M. Pelez Carlos A. Pelez, Govt. intervention in globalization, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2010).It is obvious that international treaties facilitated globalization movement. The spacious number of international laws and treaties have made globalization possible. Treaties and agreements among nations set protocols for international trade and finance like the general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) and worth to mention the Kyoto Protocol foster co-operation on protecting the environment and it was adopted 1997. It may be objected that some organizations are involved in progressing globalization such as UNESCO. This international organization helps in supporting culture as culture is the foundation of societies. UNESCO promotes access to program line. Its program Education for All by 2015 is prioritizes on developing skills for the work force through education. Its program also aims to use technology to enhance learning and to expand educational opportunities. UNESCO also partners with big MNCs to look at education to all. MNCs like Intel, Microsoft and American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics (CISCO) helps to provide consultation, partnerships, technology and funding for projects. These companies involve in programs assisting education to absorb a talent share of employees with 21st century skill sets (The Levin Institute, UNESCO, 2010).People are split up in their opinion about the impact of globalization on cultural diversity. Some conceptualize it undermines culture, while others are in support of it. There are reasons to consider why globalization promotes cultural diversity. The interaction among boundaries promotes mixing of cultures in specific places and practice, it helps in the integration and the spread of ideas and images, resulting in acceptation or resistancereactions. These global practices are often interpreted diversely as per local traditions and takes different particular forms. It may be objected that International organizations movements have made diversity become a global value.The main concern arises here, why are people divided over globalization threats on culture diversity. Simply, because globalization has different advantages on cultural diversity. It is obvious that globalization can be useful tool in improving education. Globalization has resulted in the improvement of education by highly qualified and experienced educationist experts in schools, colleges and universities helping to improve the standard of education. Restructured online victor layer courses like master of business administration (MBA) has helped students and people who may already be working or those who need a higher degree for better career prospects. These advanced courses are enabling students to acquire specialized knowledge a and skills as opposed to offering them a general education on a subject (Doherty, 2010). Also one of the most important contributions of globalization is improving health sector, with globalization the concept of more private hospitals with international experts and doctors were introduced. The benefits are to give patients the choice of hospitals and physicians. tete-a-tete health care allows patients to be attended promptly. And provides high quality services to patients with expert doctors supervision and trained nurses. Private sector hospitals create employment for thousands of people. It may be objected that private health care premiums are generally paid by employers and that helps in reduci ng government expenses (Willman, 2010).Globalization has provided more services for entertainment through new technologies and equipments, for example, mobiles. Toady mobile phones are offering more than just making and receiving calls. It is a form of entertainment with the globalization of mobile phones. Listening to music, watching videos, browsing the internet and even watching TV on mobiles (Mark, 2009). At last but not least worth to mention the video games. Video games provide entertainment in terms of action packed games. Besides that, it enhances creativity and develops interest for pictural design and technology. Youths have a very prospective career in the video game and technology industry (June Soh, 2010).There is no doubt that the brass of globalization has clearly imposed itself and its influence globally through several methods helped in easy progressing globalization ideas. Satellite television, computers and other means of communication creates different kind of communication among peoples and nations. Regarding to the new means of modern technology , it may be objected that globalization had direct and In-direct negative effect on culture diversity .Internet, the excessive use of the internet can lead to a kind of addiction affecting the individual both socially and culturally. Opponents of this stance compete that, the abundant use of internet effects the person socially and culturally. The addiction can be detrimental to ones health and social well-being. This is because extreme addiction leads to anti-social behavior. The addiction can be so severe that it can lead to the inability of the person to communicate with the real world. It affects inter-personal communication. People addicted to the net soon develop temper disorders. They start identifying themselves with theirinternet representation than their real self. This finally may lead to ones disability to maintain a healthy social and happy life (Breedon, 2009).Admittedly, it cou ld argue that globalization had direct cultural effects. The influence of the western culture is rampant over the internet. Internet is based on the English language. This results in the weakening of other cultures and languages like the Chinese, French and Arabic. It also affects the moral perceptions and the ethics of an individual. The pornographyindustry of the western countries is basically driven by the million of dollars of profits. Numerous porn sites over the internet depicting nude females and males corrupt the mindset of the modern youth. This finally leads to the decline of culture of a nation (Guangrong,1998). Another effect important to hold open is the effect effects of video Games. Video games are directly linked to violence and youth aggression. When this becomes an addiction, the young generation is more likely to act with violence in a real world scenario. They lack empathy for others and develop delinquent activities. Other adverse effects are heath issues like obesity, poor fancy conditions. It also results in social isolation and poor grades for students addicted to video games (Konstantina, Violence in Video Games, 2010).Globalization does affect the cultural diversity, by influencing the national identity of a nation in terms of traditional food, clothes and language. Its important to point out how globalization effects traditional food. The idea created by fact food that it is cheaper and faster reduces the demand for traditional food. Western diet also affects health and nutrition as they are rich in beast products, refined carbohydrates and low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables. The consumption of Coca Cola, Pepsi and McDonalds is moving the world towards a deskbound lifestyle (Frank B, 2008). Traditional Clothes, western and globalized fashion trends are moving people away from traditional wear. Traditional clothing enhances the traditional identity of a country. Thus, the expression of identity through traditional wearis p sychologically beneficial. Moreover, traditional wear keep women in a more protective environment than adolescents wearing western outfit (Anthes, 2008).Critics for this position point out that globalization has helped in developing one common global language for easy communication, the language of the media, business, education and medicine. It might be true however, we must consider the serious globalization harm to culture delivery. The use of one language in trade, education and profession leads people to stay away eventually from their traditional and cultural language. Globalization ahs resulted in the endangerment and extinction of many languages. An endangered language is one that is not spoken by children and the youth. According to an estimate, the number of endangered languages is about 6000. Language serves as a sense of belonging and without a cultural language, the people of a nation shall lose their cultural identity (Shelly, 2008).The globalization of media also thr eatens cultural diversity. Through Media perspectives globalization making Indirect threats on culture diversity such a, advertising globalization affects health. Health Advertisers of fast food chains try to project that even after eating a 2000 calorie meals daily can make the younger generation, especially girls look like models on the brim in their commercials. As a result of such global advertising concepts, the youth are getting more and more addicted to hamburgers, pizzas high in calorie resulting in diseases like obesity, diabetes, heart ailments and stroke (Erica Winters, Negative effects of advertising on Girls health, July 2010). Some people believe globalization has some negative impacts on global politics news. Global politics news often tries to portray theidea that Islam is a religion of terrorism. It also creates conflict between people. For example, Muslim women wearing veil caused conflict between people. A British man was given jail of3 years for removing the vei l of a UAE woman (Buray, 2010). worth to point out the Adverse indirect economic effects of globalization impacts individual financially. Globalization also affects individuals financially. As a result of pressures on prices of products, people tend to migrate to other countries (having low cost of living) in search for better career options and better salaries. Globalization has created income inequalities especially in the developing countries like India and China. This has affected the income of individuals across households (Alli, 2007, Pg. 92).In conclusion it can be said that globalization is making economical, cultural and educational threats on cultural diversity in unconstructive ways. It has been discussed that how our contemporary world is witnessing new trends, through using the latest achievements of technology progress. These trends had become globally spread and known as globalization phenomenon. The globalization movements is taking different forms and different met hods, and certain way to practice its activities. And this what had became cleared in recent decades due to development of technologies that contributed to facilitate globalization movements. It has been mentioned that how the media, politics and economy has been globalized and how are these methods helped in easy processing the extent of globalization. Admittedly, I object that these globalization methods reflecting serious threats on social aspects and cultural identity. To extent, co modification of education is in practice with the advent of globalization. There is also income inequality in the developing countries. Despite economic development, the poverty level of the people of the developing countries is increasing owing to unemployment problems. The invasion of newer technologies like mobiles and videogames are affecting the culture of a nation. As an alternative the government must take proper measures to control the prices of products that are consistently rising. Educatio nal institutions like schools must have subjects and materials to foster the sense of national identity. The society too can promote and enhance national identity by way of traditional celebrations, festivals, traditional clothes and most important educating the future generation with these values of national identity.

A Room With A View | Analysis

A Room With A View AnalysisIn the disruption of the novel Forster presents repression within the English class system lead story to a life with no look which is represented by the fact that Lucy and Charlotte did non get the inhabit overlooking the Arno that they expected. Charlotte represents the stiff and conventional society that is holding Lucy back. Charlottes protecting embrace gave Lucy the sensation of fog. She wants Lucy to be live in a ladylike way and wants her to avoid any improper behaviour with young men. Charlotte holds Lucy back from expressing her h geniusst emotions with George Emerson perhaps because of being humiliated herself in a love affair many years ago. I have met the type before. They seldom keep their exploits to themselves. This has prevented Charlotte from visual perception that true love exists and so presents to Lucy the complete picture of a cheerless, loveless world with no interpret. Forster also shows the reader that there are romantic fea tures inexplicable inside her. This is shown when she secretly tells Miss Lavish about George and Lucys kiss who then proceeds to write her novel about it. This like repression is seen with Lucy who plays her piano with passion show that only through her music can Lucy truly express herself otherwise she is just an ordinary conventional girl. If Miss Honeychurch ever takes to live as she plays, it ordain be very exciting (p30) Mr Beebe is waiting for the moment when Lucy can break free from Charlotte and lead a more bold and daring life. When Lucy returns to her home in England the drawing room curtains at Windy Corner had been pulled to meet for the carpet was unsanded and deserved protection from the August sun. They were heavy curtains, reaching al just about to the ground, and the shed light on that filtered through them was subdued and varied. The drawing room curtains protect the furniture from the damaging rays of the sun, just as Lucy has been protected in Italy by Cha rlotte. There is no feeling and the light has been blocked. This symbolises how Lucy is repressed and prevented from seeing the true nature of life. They are denied the beauty of a view. Cecil also attempts to protect Lucy with his confining ideas. Cecils attitude towards women is arrogant and dismissive he treats Lucys ideas as if they are of feminine inconsequence and wants her to conform to an image of a Leonardo painting of mystery and quietness, in which he is always dominant. When Lucy thinks of Cecil its always in a room and one with no view (p99). This illustrates how Cecil is repressing Lucys feelings, providing her with a life of monotony and so preventing her seeing the true view of life.Forster uses Italy to awaken Lucy to red-hot ways of thinking and the opening up of windows to view the world. The well-known world had broken up, and there emerged Florence, a magical city where people thought and did the most extraordinary things that has the power, perhaps to evoke p assions, good and bad, and bring them to speedy fulfilment (p51). Italy is uninhibited by class restrictions and this sensation of equality and freedom shakes the foundations of Lucys previous view of the world. It is a place where anything can happen. Lucys view on life initially begins to open up by George and Mr Emerson swapping rooms. I have a view, I have a viewThis is my sonhis names George. He has a view, too. Mr Emerson is speaking of their views of the river, but the Forster int dyings the text to have a double meaning. The Emersons view has to do with more than the quality of their rooms and Forster implies a metaphorical meaning in that the Emersons have a superior view of life which is much freer and more exciting. Miss Lavish takes her Baedeker guidebook and afterward loses her in Santo Croce when for one ravishing moment Italy appeared to Lucy. Inside the church he meets the Emersons who show her how to enjoy the church by following her heart not by her guidebook. The ir philosophic view helps Lucy in her exploration of her own life and the world. The pernicious charm of Italy worked on her, and instead of acquiring information, she began to be happy. Furthermore when Lucy witnesses the murder and the Italian falls at her feet she is overwhelmed the spontaneity of the incident. When she regains consciousness after fainting and is rescued by George, she discovers that she as well as the dying man, had crossed some spiritual boundary. Lucy begins to realise that her image of the world based on how others think she should be is being replaced by spontaneous reaction and raw instinct. A new view is opening up for her. She contemplated the River Arno, whose roar was suggesting some unexpected melody to her ears. This view of the river symbolises the great change inside Lucy and the journey to find her true view of life. Lucy however is not reborn into a passionate woman until she is kissed by George. The view was forming at last. Forster is showing h ow Lucys discovery of her view mirrors her private discovery. Her experiences in Italy change her, giving her new look to view the world, and a view of her own soul as well.Finally Lucy at lasts gains freedom to look out of windows. She is able to see all the way what she wants from life. George tells her that Cecil only sees her as an object to be admired and will never love her enough to grant her independence, while George loves her for who she truly is. Conventional, Cecil, youre that, for you may understand graceful things, but you dont know how to use them and you wrap yourself up in art and books and music, and would try to wrap up me. I wont be stifled, not by the most glorious music, for people are more glorious, and you hide them from me. She then breaks off her engagement with Cecil and in doing this she breaks the social code of society. A last bite meeting with Mr Emerson convinces Lucy to admit and act upon her love for George. How he managed to strengthen her. It was as if he had made her see the whole of everything at once. At the very end of the novel George and Lucy have eloped and have returned to the same Pension in Italy and look out from the same window to the future world. Although they both look out to the same view of Italy it is with a very different view of the world. Georges view has become clear through his relationship with Lucy who has given him a point to his existence and Lucys view has changed both emotionally and by breaking away from her social class. They both have a literal and metaphorical room with a view one that involves living for the moment and not simply for society.In conclusion Forsters title A Room with a View is very affective because through Lucys eyes we have strayed through the streets of Florence and returned slightly changed, unable to look at the world in the same old way. We all need the room to express our personal truths and the openness and freedom to love that the views in Forsters novel represen t.

Analysis of Financial Proposal

Analysis of Financial Proposal(1) analyse financial data evaluate the results and get conclusions(2) prepare a budget and explain how it would be negotiated and monitored.(3) produce a financial proposal and present a sound line of descent case to safe(p) therequired financial resources. The underframes can be fictitious.Part 1) Technique used Ratio AnalysisRefer to the Appendix winningsability RatiosThese ratios help us to try on how good the firms profit performance is. The two key ratios to show profitability areReturn on Capital EmployedThis measures the train of profit of the byplay compared to the amount of capital that has been invested in it. It is effectively the return the vexation has made, and investors go away want this to be higher than the rate of interest they could excite got elsewhere. The budget is showing a healthy 68% return on capital which includes proposed bank borrowings.Profit MarginThis measures the level of profit compared to the turnover, it the refore shows the percent profit on the sales. It can be measured as either a gross or net profit gross profit. The Gross Profit margin is 66.5% but the Net Profit margin is only 11.3% due to high wages and purchases costs. These could be reduced by bulk buying and negotiating special terms. liquidness RatiosThese are ratios that measure the liquidity of the commercial enterprise. Business has to ensure that they are able to meet their commitments as when they fall due by converting sufficient assets into currency. A business should avoid a situation where a lot of cash or capital is tied up in high levels of declivity. up-to-the-minute asset and acetous Test ratio shows that the business has more than enough assets to cover its liabilities and it is very liquid as the stock and debtors can be turned into cash quickly.Current RatiosThis ratio compares the current assets and current liabilities. Clearly a business needs to have more current assets than liabilities, and so at a minimum the suppose should be more than 1. Here it is 1.54 which is slightly higher and thus ensures sufficient liquidity.Acid Test RatiosThis ratio takes a closer look at the businesss liquidity. One of the current assets is stock, and this clearly not always easy to turn into cash. In fact the firm may have high stock levels because they cant sell all of it. So the acid test ratio takes the current assets and subtracts the stock. This is a test of immediate solvency. If the value of this ratio is very much less than 1 the business may have a liquidity problem, as it may have insufficient assets to meet all its liabilities.Debtors and Creditors Payment closureThe debtors manufacturement period shows how many days it takes on average for the debtors to pay back the owed m acey. The creditor payment period shows how many days it takes on average for the business to pay its creditors. Ideally the debtor period should be shorter than the creditor period for better efficiency. Here this is not the case and steps should be taken to chase the debtors to pay quickly.Gearing RatioThis concerns the business long-term financial stability. It measures how much of the business is financed by debt. The higher the gearing percentage, the less secure it will be.Normal figure is 50%.Part 2)It is imperative that for any business to trade effectively and be able to grow, it needs to build up enough cash reserves. because it is important to ensure cash movements, that is the timing of cash in return and cash outflow, are managed in such a way that it results in an overall commanding cashflow position.The budget would be negotiated on the basis of forecasted sales revenue, expected expenditure and any planned capital expenditure. The Bank manager needs to be pursuaded that the cash forecast is realistic and not over optimistic.The budget would be monitored and reviewed on a regular basis and any material changes would be acted on. The negotiations would be found upon the f act such as reliability of the customer and suppliers, location of the pub. Also the fact that being a public house, the business is all year lash out and not seasonal and there are going to be peak seasons such as Christmas and other public holdiays. In addition, the pub would increase its income tax return by having special events and offers.The budget should build a contingency fund for worst case scenario such as cost over-runs or loss of committedness of its customers. It needs to show clearly that the owner has invested his/her money as a capital in the business and prepared to risk it, and has a strong tail record in this field and that the business plan is credible.A bank always demands a copy of current management accounts with a cash flow forecast in order to assess a businesss liquidity and then decides whether to grant the overdraft facility or not. Therefore, they are of utmost magnificence when negotiating a loan from a bank.Cash budget gives an advance warning o f any liquidity problems. It is often a lack of cash that causes most businesses to fail. It will give you an opportunity to decide when and how to increase or decrease your overdraft with the bank.Part 3)The total amount required is 50,000 but the business does not need to disgorge down all of the money at once. It should be stressed to the bank manager that you have number of years experience in the same business and you know the trade well. Also you have good interpersonal skills and the ability to get on with all types of people This is important for running a made pub. You also have to stress that you have done your home work, prepared a business plan and have ideas to boost the business by retention special events throughout the year. You need to do some research about the market for a pub in that area. If there are only one or two pubs in the local area and nothing within, say 15 mile radius, then an additional pub in that area is going to stand a very good chance of succe ss.AppendixThe following table shows the ratios for the year 2005RatioProfitability ROCE68%Gross Profit Margin66.5%Net Profit 11.3%Direct Wages20%Debtor payment days28 daysCurrent Ratio1.541Acid Test1.11Gearing52%Bibliography1. www.qck.com/business-loans.html2. Cox, 0 and Farndon, M (1997) Management of Finance (2nd Edition) WorcesterOsborne Books.3. Dyson, J (1998) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students capital of the United Kingdom Pitman4. Http//www/bized.ac.uk Learning resources contain summary notes on main topics.5. Management and Cost Accounting, 4th Edition, by Colin Drury, Thomson Business Press.6. Active Accounting by Brammer, Cox, Fardon, Penning. Osborne books.

The Vision of Perfection Essay -- Technology, Human Need for Perfectio

We, as humans, live in a world today where the sparge of improvement never completely settles in the air. With every year that goes by, some new piece of applied science emerges that will seem to make our lives easier and thus reservation our lives ultimately seem perfect. Every blackberry, laptop, iPod, High Definition television and convertible has been proclaimed by the media as necessities therefore, items one cannot live without and must own. The more technologically advanced one is, the more perfect his or her life becomes. This factor, this need for perfection, has evolved rapidly oer the course of human history and may be in for a head-on collision course for disaster and confusion. Lauren Slaters, Dr. Daedalus and David Brookss, Our Sprawling, Supersize Utopia, share this aesthetic notion of perfection in action. No matter how affected or over-the-top these changes may be, it seems impossible now to turn back to how we once lived horse driven carriages rather of Ferraris , live classical music instead of hip hop and R&B blasting in our headphones, children playing outside instead of gluing their eyes to the television for hours at a time, and going over to visit a friend instead of sending a two worded text consisting of whats up? Perfection has consumed the lives of many and has caused Americans to make drastic changes in order to keep up with the vision of perfection even though it hasnt come into existence.Americans have been so blind-sided by all the shiny gadgets and the commercialization of necessities around them that they have confused the idea of what they pauperism with what they need. This need for perfection is a wanta secret desire in disguise. We trick our minds into thinking we need that $50,000 brand... ...en one goes as far as spending all their money in order to attain this vision of perfection. What appears to be a want for one individual can end up being interpreted as a need for another but confusing ones wants with ones need s may come at a high cost and one must take precaution when watching commercials that evidence one otherwise. America has come a long way in the subject of technology but has also grown too dependent on it as well. We, as Americans, can never go back to how we once lived with horse drawn carriages or going out to see the world if technology were to cease to exist. This vision of perfection that Americans have can spiral out of control to changes that dont need to be changed and irreversible surgery that scars us for life, but we continue in pursuit of our perfection because it is the only way we know how to liveto live for a perfect future.

Views of Modern man :: essays research papers

The Views of Modern ManThe various short stories of the age of analysis and anxiety do not depict man in a heroic guise, nor do they reflect any deep abiding faith in his destiny. This is especially true in the short stories Gooseberries, The Jewels, The Rocking Horse master, and The Devil and Daniel Webster In each, theme is used to give a dim view of the future of mankind, and common themes help tie together a vulnerability of what the authors of this age saw as a plague on mankind.In Gooseberries Chekhov conveys through the actions of his characters the theme that success comes at a price, and that the ends dont perpetually justify the means. In the story Nikolay dreams of having a farm and an estate of his own. Throughout his entire life he scrimped and saved every penny he could find. He married a widower for her silver and starved her to death, all the while not realizing that it was through his actions that she died. Nikolay did eventually obtain his estate, but at what p rice? He had been so blinded by his hunger for m onenessy that he did not realize that his wife died because he refused to feed her properly? And, of course, it never for a outcome occurred to my br other that he was to blame for her death. Money, like vodka can do queer things to a man. In this quote Chekhov is showing the reader what powerful effect money has on a man. The pursuit of material wealth becomes all-important to a man, and anything else can be shrugged off. Chekhov is conveying yet another theme through this quote, that of materialism. He feels that when a man becomes obsessed with money his mind becomes shaded, his vision impaired. It is interesting that he compared money to vodka, as though man becomes impaired against all other ideas but those of increasing his wealth. Chekhov sees money and the pursuit of material gain as an all-important goal in the society that surrounds him. He shows what can happen when soulfulness becomes so obsessed with money that they bec ome blinded to the world around them. Chekhov does this through Nikolay. Sure Nikolay does finally get the estate, but it is not quite the one he dreamed of. There is no orchard or duck pond, just a stream with coffee coloured water that had been tainted by a nearby glue factory.